See manacen in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Hatred",
"orig": "enm:Hatred",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "menace"
},
{
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "mannais"
},
{
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "minase"
},
{
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "mynace"
},
{
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "mannans"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"menacier",
"menacier#Old_French"
],
[
"*mināciō, mināciāre",
"Reconstruction:Latin/minacio"
],
[
"manace",
"manace#Middle_English"
],
[
"-en",
"-en#Middle_English:_infinitival"
],
[
"c.",
"circa"
],
[
"manance",
"manance#Middle_English"
],
[
"manaunce",
"manaunce#Middle_English"
],
[
"manace",
"manace#Middle_English"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "menacier"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Old French menacier",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "la-vul",
"3": "*mināciō",
"4": "*mināciō, mināciāre"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin *mināciō, mināciāre",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "manace",
"3": "-en",
"id2": "infinitival",
"pos2": "infinitival suffix"
},
"expansion": "manace + -en (infinitival suffix)",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c",
"2": "1350"
},
"expansion": "First attested in c. 1350",
"name": "etydate"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm-nor",
"2": "manance"
},
"expansion": "Northern Middle English manance",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Old French menacier, from Vulgar Latin *mināciō, mināciāre; equivalent to manace + -en (infinitival suffix). First attested in c. 1350.\nFor Northern Middle English manance, manaunce, see the discussion at manace.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "manacen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to manacen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "manace",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "manace",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "manaced",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "manacede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "manacest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "manacedest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "manaceth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "manaced",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "manacede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "manace",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "manaced",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "manacede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "manace",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "manacen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "manace",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "manaceden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "manaced",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "manacede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "manaceth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "manace",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "manacynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "manacende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "manaced",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ymanaced",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "manace",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "manasen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "manassen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "menace",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "manance",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "manaunce",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "manacen",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "manac"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "51 16 16 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "41 20 20 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "64 12 12 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "72 9 9 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
166,
174
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
178,
188
]
],
"english": "\"I wasn't used to working\", said Waster, \"and now I won't start.\" / And [he] takes his learning lightly and him the same way, views Piers like a pea and his plough as worse, and threatened him alongside his men [for] when they next met.",
"ref": "c. 1370, [William Langland], “[Passus 7]”, in Piers Plowman (La, A-text), Shropshire, published c. 1400, folio 123, recto; republished as Hale 150, London: Lincoln’s Inn Rare Books and Manuscripts Online, 4 April 2023:",
"text": "I was not wont to woꝛche ꝗd waſtour now I wol not bẏgẏn / And let lightlich of hıs loꝛe ⁊ eke of him seoluen / And acounteth Piers at a peoſe ⁊ his plogh after / And manaſſed him ⁊ eke hıs men when þeẏ next mette",
"translation": "\"I wasn't used to working\", said Waster, \"and now I won't start.\" / And [he] takes his learning lightly and him the same way, views Piers like a pea and his plough as worse, and threatened him alongside his men [for] when they next met.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make threats against (someone); to intimidate or threaten."
],
"id": "en-manacen-enm-verb-inY60r~5",
"links": [
[
"make",
"make"
],
[
"threat",
"threat"
],
[
"intimidate",
"intimidate"
],
[
"threaten",
"threaten"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To threaten (to do) something."
],
"id": "en-manacen-enm-verb-~wonqizH",
"links": [
[
"threaten",
"threaten"
],
[
"do",
"do#English"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To endanger or imperil (someone or something)."
],
"id": "en-manacen-enm-verb-26ga8gsw",
"links": [
[
"endanger",
"endanger"
],
[
"imperil",
"imperil"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To compel someone (into doing something)."
],
"id": "en-manacen-enm-verb-b~r90LQa",
"links": [
[
"compel",
"compel"
],
[
"doing",
"doing#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) To compel someone (into doing something)."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/maˈnaːsən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈmanasən/"
}
],
"word": "manacen"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English terms borrowed from Old French",
"Middle English terms derived from Old French",
"Middle English terms derived from Vulgar Latin",
"Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
"Middle English verbs",
"Middle English weak verbs",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Hatred"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "menace"
},
{
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "mannais"
},
{
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "minase"
},
{
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "mynace"
},
{
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "mannans"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"menacier",
"menacier#Old_French"
],
[
"*mināciō, mināciāre",
"Reconstruction:Latin/minacio"
],
[
"manace",
"manace#Middle_English"
],
[
"-en",
"-en#Middle_English:_infinitival"
],
[
"c.",
"circa"
],
[
"manance",
"manance#Middle_English"
],
[
"manaunce",
"manaunce#Middle_English"
],
[
"manace",
"manace#Middle_English"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "menacier"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Old French menacier",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "la-vul",
"3": "*mināciō",
"4": "*mināciō, mināciāre"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin *mināciō, mināciāre",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "manace",
"3": "-en",
"id2": "infinitival",
"pos2": "infinitival suffix"
},
"expansion": "manace + -en (infinitival suffix)",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c",
"2": "1350"
},
"expansion": "First attested in c. 1350",
"name": "etydate"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm-nor",
"2": "manance"
},
"expansion": "Northern Middle English manance",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Old French menacier, from Vulgar Latin *mināciō, mināciāre; equivalent to manace + -en (infinitival suffix). First attested in c. 1350.\nFor Northern Middle English manance, manaunce, see the discussion at manace.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "manacen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to manacen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "manace",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "manace",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "manaced",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "manacede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "manacest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "manacedest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "manaceth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "manaced",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "manacede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "manace",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "manaced",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "manacede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "manace",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "manacen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "manace",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "manaceden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "manaced",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "manacede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "manaceth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "manace",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "manacynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "manacende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "manaced",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ymanaced",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "manace",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "manasen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "manassen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "menace",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "manance",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "manaunce",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "manacen",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "manac"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
166,
174
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
178,
188
]
],
"english": "\"I wasn't used to working\", said Waster, \"and now I won't start.\" / And [he] takes his learning lightly and him the same way, views Piers like a pea and his plough as worse, and threatened him alongside his men [for] when they next met.",
"ref": "c. 1370, [William Langland], “[Passus 7]”, in Piers Plowman (La, A-text), Shropshire, published c. 1400, folio 123, recto; republished as Hale 150, London: Lincoln’s Inn Rare Books and Manuscripts Online, 4 April 2023:",
"text": "I was not wont to woꝛche ꝗd waſtour now I wol not bẏgẏn / And let lightlich of hıs loꝛe ⁊ eke of him seoluen / And acounteth Piers at a peoſe ⁊ his plogh after / And manaſſed him ⁊ eke hıs men when þeẏ next mette",
"translation": "\"I wasn't used to working\", said Waster, \"and now I won't start.\" / And [he] takes his learning lightly and him the same way, views Piers like a pea and his plough as worse, and threatened him alongside his men [for] when they next met.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make threats against (someone); to intimidate or threaten."
],
"links": [
[
"make",
"make"
],
[
"threat",
"threat"
],
[
"intimidate",
"intimidate"
],
[
"threaten",
"threaten"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To threaten (to do) something."
],
"links": [
[
"threaten",
"threaten"
],
[
"do",
"do#English"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To endanger or imperil (someone or something)."
],
"links": [
[
"endanger",
"endanger"
],
[
"imperil",
"imperil"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"To compel someone (into doing something)."
],
"links": [
[
"compel",
"compel"
],
[
"doing",
"doing#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) To compel someone (into doing something)."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/maˈnaːsən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈmanasən/"
}
],
"word": "manacen"
}
Download raw JSONL data for manacen meaning in Middle English (6.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-10-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-10-01 using wiktextract (c1bb342 and 6f96ddf). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.